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Tang campaigns against Karasahr : ウィキペディア英語版 | Tang campaigns against Karasahr
The Tang campaigns against Karasahr, known as Yanqi (a transliteration of the Sanskrit name "Agni") in Chinese sources, were two military campaigns sent by Emperor Taizong of the Tang dynasty against the Tarim Basin kingdom of Karasahr in Xinjiang, a vassal of the Western Turkic Khaganate. The first campaign in 644 was led by the Tang commander Guo Xiaoke, protector-general of the Anxi Protectorate in western China, who defeated the oasis state and a Western Turk army at the conquest of Karasahr and installed a Tang loyalist as ruler. The second campaign in 648 was led by the Tang general Ashina She'er, and was part of the campaign against Karasahr's neighboring state of Kucha. ==Background==
Karasahr, a kingdom in the Tarim Basin, became a tributary state of Tang China in 632. In 632, the nearby oasis states Kashgar and Khotan surrendered to Chinese suzerainty, as did the kingdom of Yarkand in 635. Karasahr was influenced by Persian culture, Buddhism, and the Greco-Buddhist culture of Afghanistan. The rulers of Karasahr grew uneasy as the Chinese expanded into Central Asia. After the conquest of the city of Turfan, center of the kingdom of Gaochang, the Chinese army stationed nearby was seen as a direct threat. This is a little ironic, because Gaochang's military aggression against Karasahr (a response to Karasahr's developing a trade route to China that bypassed Gaochang) had earlier served as one of the pretexts for the Tang campaign against Gaochang.
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